《新月》杂志以及聚集在《新月》杂志周围的群体——《新月》社同人（新月派），在文学上、思想上都有重要的建树，在中国思想史上扮演了重要的角色，选编《新月》相关文章组成的《<新月>时论》一书有其不可替代的文化价值和思想、学术价值。正如谢泳在《逝去的年代》（文化艺术出版社，1999，第257页）中所言：“他们当年所主张的一切，并没有随着时间的推移而失去价值，而且恰恰是他们的这种思想在严密的禁锢下，成为整个中国知识分子的主要思想来源。”《新月》1928年创刊，1933年6月终刊（最后一期为第四卷第七期），在当时以文艺上的先锋和政治上的敢言而著称，而影响最大的，莫过于1929年从人权角度、对国民党训政的批判。当时发表的文章，一部分由胡适辑为《人权论集》，1930年新月书店出版；一部分由罗隆基汇为《政治论文》，1931年同样由新月书店出版。本书所选除已收入两书的文章外，还包括未收入的《新月》的其他政论文章，以及左右两翼对《新月》言论的批判文章。
作者简介：
选编者邵建，现为南京晓庄学院文学院教授。自20世纪90年代后期起，邵建开始从事知识分子研究，以胡适与鲁迅为个案，从思想史角度作胡、鲁比较研究及胡适研究。著有《瞧，这人——日记、书信与年谱中的胡适》、《知识分子与人文》、《文学与现代性批判》等。
目录：
编选者言·························································邵建／001正编：《人权论集》小序·································································胡适／005人权与约法···························································胡适／006《人权与约法》的讨论·································胡适汪羽军诸青来／012我们什么时候才可有宪法？·············································胡适／016论人权·······························································罗隆基／022论思想统一···························································梁实秋／038告压迫言论自由者·····················································罗隆基／045附：《各级学校教职员研究党义暂行条例》·····································／056新文化运动与国民党···················································胡适／057知难，行亦不易·······················································胡适／068专家政治·····························································罗隆基／079名教·································································胡适／087续编：《政治论文》及其他我对党务上的“尽情批评”··············································罗隆基／099孙中山先生论自由·····················································梁实秋／110我们走哪条路？·······················································胡适／118汪精卫论思想统一·····················································罗隆基／130论共产主义···························································罗隆基／133我们要财政管理权·····················································罗隆基／148《汪精卫先生最近言论集》··············································罗隆基／154《政治思想之变迁》····················································罗隆基／159我的被捕的经过与反感·················································罗隆基／163服从的危险·············································H.J.Laski著罗隆基译／175约法与宪法···························································鲁参／187政治家的态度·························································鲁参／189平等的呼吁················································拉斯基著罗隆基译／191人权不能留在约法里···················································努生／204总统问题·····························································努生／207上海民会选举·························································努生／209对训政时期约法的批评·················································罗隆基／212国民会议的开幕词·····················································努生／225我们不主张天赋人权···················································努生／228论中国的共产·························································罗隆基／235“人权”释疑·························································努生／230答叶秋原教授·························································罗隆基／235什么是法治···························································罗隆基／238告日本国民和中国的当局···············································罗隆基／250附编（一）：右翼对胡适的围剿胡适之揩揩眼镜···················································近视眼同志／267匕首·································································德徵／268附：《陈局长的匕首》························································／269本市三区第三次全区代表大会议决案···········································／250呈请撤惩中国公学校长胡适···················································／271胡适之最近几篇文章···················································沧波／272赞美的圣经···························································何来／275胡适之的反动与迷梦···················································和尚／277中公校长胡适反动有据·······················································／279市执委议惩胡适之·····················································老神／280平市百余党员请查办前善后会议委员胡适·······································／281津市党委请惩办胡适·························································／282关于胡适之最近之胡说·················································玉菱／283苏省党部呈请中央缉办无聊文人胡适···········································／285有宪法才能训政吗·····················································无任／286严惩竖儒胡适·······························································／289国府令饬教部警告胡适·······················································／290事由：“该校长言论不合，奉令警告”··········································／291附：胡适致蒋梦麟··························································／293论《人权论集》后胡说博士可以休矣···································陈九皋／294谈所谓“言论自由”····················································胡汉民／297好大胆的月刊·······························································／301附编（二）：左翼对《新月》的批判争自由与胡适的胡说···················································依然／305无题·······································································／307评胡适之的《我们走那条路》············································某生者／309新月社批评家的任务···················································鲁迅／311“硬译”与“文学的阶级性”·············································鲁迅／312“好政府主义”························································鲁迅／326知难行难·····························································鲁迅／328王道诗话·····················································瞿秋白鲁迅／330出卖灵魂的秘诀···············································瞿秋白鲁迅／332言论自由的界限·······················································鲁迅／334中国人权派的真面目···················································瞿秋白／336
出版说明································································／351前言前言
20世纪20年代末，国民党统一全国后，遵照孙中山生前制定的“军政、训政、宪政”的建国道路，决定在全国范围内结束军政，实行训政。但国民党训政的实质在于搞一党专制，因此，自1929年上半年起，以胡适、罗隆基为代表的新月派从人权角度对国民党训政进行了尖锐批判，这是一场带有强烈宪政诉求的“人权运动”，它揭开了20世纪中国自由主义知识分子与执政党冲突的历史第一幕。
当时文章全部发表在上海《新月》杂志上，遂使这份著名的文学杂志染上了强烈的政论色彩。1929—1931年的“人权论战”以1930年为界，前此为第一阶段，相关文章由胡适辑为一册，名为《人权论集》，由新月书店出版。此后为第二阶段，文章由罗隆基编为一册，名为《政治论文》，亦由新月书店出版。为尽可能再现当年“人权运动”风貌，我们将《人权论集》、《政治论文》以及未收入这两本书的《新月》其他论文辑为一册，以志纪念。
“人权运动”在当时产生了强烈反响，它不但遭到作为政治右翼的国民党的围剿，也遭遇鲁迅、瞿秋白等文化左翼的批判。本书特意收录一些左右两方的文本，以为资料或供读者一观。
前言20世纪20年代末，国民党统一全国后，遵照孙中山生前制定的“军政、训政、宪政”的建国道路，决定在全国范围内结束军政，实行训政。但国民党训政的实质在于搞一党专制，因此，自1929年上半年起，以胡适、罗隆基为代表的新月派从人权角度对国民党训政进行了尖锐批判，这是一场带有强烈宪政诉求的“人权运动”，它揭开了20世纪中国自由主义知识分子与执政党冲突的历史第一幕。当时文章全部发表在上海《新月》杂志上，遂使这份著名的文学杂志染上了强烈的政论色彩。1929—1931年的“人权论战”以1930年为界，前此为第一阶段，相关文章由胡适辑为一册，名为《人权论集》，由新月书店出版。此后为第二阶段，文章由罗隆基编为一册，名为《政治论文》，亦由新月书店出版。为尽可能再现当年“人权运动”风貌，我们将《人权论集》、《政治论文》以及未收入这两本书的《新月》其他论文辑为一册，以志纪念。“人权运动”在当时产生了强烈反响，它不但遭到作为政治右翼的国民党的围剿，也遭遇鲁迅、瞿秋白等文化左翼的批判。本书特意收录一些左右两方的文本，以为资料或供读者一观。邵建小序（《人权论集》）这几篇文章讨论的是中国今日人人应该讨论的一个问题——人权问题。前三篇讨论人权与宪法。第四篇讨论我们要的是什么人权。第五六篇讨论人权中的一个重要部分——思想和言论的自由。第七篇讨论国民党中的反动思想，希望国民党的反省。第八篇讨论孙中山的知难行易说。这两篇只是“思想言论自由”的实例：因为我们所要建立的是批评国民党的自由和批评孙中山的自由。上帝我们尚且可以批评，何况国民党与孙中山？第九篇与第十篇讨论政治上两个根本问题，收在这里做个附录。周栎园《书影》里有一则很有意味的故事：“昔有鹦武飞集陀山。山中大火，鹦武遥见，入水濡羽，飞而洒之。“天神言：‘尔虽有志意，何足云也？’对曰：‘尝侨居是山，不忍见耳。’”今日正是大火的时候，我们骨头烧成灰终究是中国人，实在不忍袖手旁观。我们明知小小的翅膀上滴下的水点未必能救火，我们不过尽我们的一点微弱的力量，减少良心上的一点谴责而已。十八，十二，十三，胡适
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